Swiftda data types

Dasturlashda ma'lumot turlari (data types) — o'zgaruvchida qanday turdagi ma'lumot saqlanishini belgilaydi. Masalan:

Swift•

Data type belgilash

var num: Int = 25
print(num)
print("Tur:", type(of: num))

Bu yerda Int — bu num o'zgaruvchisi faqat butun son saqlashini bildiradi.

Swiftda 6 ta asosiy data type mavjud:

Data Type	Misol	Tavsif
Character	"s", "a"	16-bitli Unicode belgi
String	"hello world!"	Matn
Int	3, -23	Butun son
Float	2.4, 3.14, -23.21	32-bit kasrli son
Double	2.422342412414	64-bit kasrli son
Bool	true, false	Mantiqiy qiymat

Character

Character turi bitta belgi saqlaydi.

Swift•

Character turi

// Character turidagi o'zgaruvchi yaratish
var letter: Character = "s"
print(letter)

var symbol: Character = "@"
print(symbol)

var digit: Character = "9"
print(digit)

Bu misolda letter — Character turidagi o'zgaruvchi va unga "s" qiymati berilgan.

Agar Character turiga "abc" kabi bir nechta belgi bersangiz, xato chiqadi.

String

String turi matnlarni saqlash uchun ishlatiladi.

Swift•

String turi

// String turidagi o'zgaruvchi yaratish
var language: String = "Swift"
print(language)

var message = "Bu Swift tili"
print(message)

var greeting: String = "Salom, dunyo!"
print(greeting)

Bu yerda language — String turidagi o'zgaruvchi.

Integer

Int turi kasrsiz butun sonlarni saqlaydi.

Swift•

Int turi

// integer turidagi o'zgaruvchi
var number: Int = 3
print(number)

var age: Int = 25
print("Yosh:", age)

var temperature: Int = -10
print("Harorat:", temperature)

Int turlarining asosiy xususiyatlari

Hajmi: platformaga bog'liq
Oraliq (Range):
- 32-bit: -2³¹ dan 2³¹-1 gacha
- 64-bit: -2⁶³ dan 2⁶³-1 gacha

Int variantlari

Variant	Hajmi	Oraliq
Int8	8 bit	-128 to 127
Int16	16 bit	-2¹⁵ to 2¹⁵-1
Int32	32 bit	-2³¹ to 2³¹-1
Int64	64 bit	-2⁶³ to 2⁶³-1
UInt	Platformaga bog'liq	0 dan 2³² (32-bit) yoki 2⁶⁴ (64-bit) gacha

Swift•

Int variantlari

let int8: Int8 = 127
let int16: Int16 = 32767
let int32: Int32 = 2147483647

print("Int8 max:", int8)
print("Int16 max:", int16)
print("Int32 max:", int32)

let uint8: UInt8 = 255
print("UInt8 max:", uint8)

Boolean

Bool turi mantiqiy qiymatlarni saqlaydi: true yoki false.

Swift•

Bool turi

// boolean turidagi o'zgaruvchilar
let passCheck: Bool = true
print(passCheck)

let failCheck: Bool = false
print(failCheck)

let isStudent = true
print("Talaba:", isStudent)

Booleans ko'pincha if-else bilan ishlatiladi.

Swift•

Bool if-else bilan

let isSwiftFun: Bool = true

if isSwiftFun {
  print("Swift juda qiziq!")
} else {
  print("Boshqa til tanlang")
}

let score = 85
let isPassed = score >= 60

if isPassed {
  print("Test topshirdingiz!")
} else {
  print("Yana urinib ko'ring")
}

Float

Float — kasrli son saqlaydi (32-bit).

Swift•

Float turi

// float turidagi o'zgaruvchi
let piValue: Float = 3.14
print(piValue)

let price: Float = 19.99
print("Narx:", price)

let weight: Float = 65.5
print("Vazn:", weight, "kg")

Float xususiyatlari

Hajmi: 32-bit
Oraliq: 1.2 × 10⁻³⁸ dan 3.4 × 10³⁸ gacha
Aniqlik: 6 ta kasr o'rnigacha

Double

Double ham kasrli sonlar uchun ishlatiladi, ammo aniqroq (15 ta kasr o'rni).

Swift•

Double turi

// double turidagi o'zgaruvchi
let latitude: Double = 27.7007697012432
print(latitude)

let pi: Double = 3.141592653589793
print("Pi:", pi)

let distance: Double = 384400.5
print("Masofa:", distance, "km")

Double xususiyatlari

Hajmi: 64-bit
Oraliq: 2.3 × 10⁻³⁰⁸ dan 1.7 × 10³⁰⁸ gacha
Aniqlik: 15 ta kasr o'rnigacha

Float va Double farqi

Swift•

Float vs Double

let floatNum: Float = 3.141592653589793
let doubleNum: Double = 3.141592653589793

print("Float:", floatNum) // 6 ta kasr
print("Double:", doubleNum) // 15 ta kasr

// Float uchun
let f1: Float = 1.23456789
print("Float aniqlik:", f1)

// Double uchun
let d1: Double = 1.23456789012345
print("Double aniqlik:", d1)

Agar raqam juda aniq bo'lishi kerak bo'lsa — Double ishlating.
Aniqlik kam bo'lsa yoki yengil hisoblashlar uchun — Float ishlating.

📚 Masalalarni qanday yechish kerak?

✅ Namuna: 1-masala yechimi

Masala: 25 butun sonini qaytaring.

Bosqichma-bosqich yechim:

1-qadam: Masalani tushunish

Bizdan Int turidagi 25 qiymatini qaytarish so'ralyapti.

2-qadam: Starter kodni ko'rish

func solve() -> Int {
    // Int turidagi qiymat qaytaring
    return 0
}

-> Int — bu funksiya Int (butun son) qaytarishini bildiradi.

3-qadam: Yechimni yozish

return dan keyin 25 raqamini yozamiz:

Swift•

1-masala yechimi

func solve() -> Int {
  return 25
}

// Tekshirish
print(solve())
print("Tur:", type(of: solve()))

Natija: 25 ✅

Izoh:

return 25 — 25 butun sonini qaytaradi
-> Int — funksiya Int turini qaytaradi

Xulosa

Character — bitta belgi
String — matn (ko'p belgi)
Int — butun son
Float — kasrli son (6 ta aniqlik)
Double — kasrli son (15 ta aniqlik)
Bool — true yoki false

Keyingi mavzuda Characters va Strings ni batafsil o'rganamiz.