Swiftda Sets

Set — takrorlanmaydigan, noyob elementlar to'plamidir. Ya'ni set ichida bir xil element ikki marta bo'la olmaydi. Masalan,

Talabalar ID raqamlarini saqlamoqchi bo'lsak, ularning ID raqamlari takrorlanmasligi kerak. Shu sababli setdan foydalanish mumkin.

Set yaratish

Set yaratish misoli:

Swift•

Set yaratish

// integer turidagi set yaratish
var studentID : Set = [112, 114, 116, 118, 115]

print("Student ID: \(studentID)")

Bu yerda:

var studentID : Set = [112, 114, 115, 118, 116]

Set kalit so'zi studentID o'zgaruvchisi set ekanligini bildiradi. Elementlar integer bo'lgani uchun Set<Int> tipiga mansub.

Quyidagicha turini aniq ko'rsatish ham mumkin:

var studentID : Set<Int> = [112, 114, 115, 116, 118]

Set tartibga ega emas, shuning uchun elementlar ekranga tartibsiz chiqishi mumkin.

Setga element qo'shish

insert() metodi setga yangi element qo'shadi.

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insert() metodi

var numbers: Set = [21, 34, 54, 12]

print("Initial Set: \(numbers)")

numbers.insert(32)

print("Updated Set: \(numbers)")

Setdan element o'chirish

remove() — berilgan elementni o'chiradi.

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remove() metodi

var languages: Set = ["Swift", "Java", "Python"]

print("Initial Set: \(languages)")

let removedValue = languages.remove("Java")

print("Set after remove(): \(languages)")

Boshqa metodlar:

removeFirst() — setdagi birinchi elementni o'chiradi
removeAll() — setdagi barcha elementlarni o'chiradi

Setning foydali metodlari

Oddiy ro'yxat ko'rinishida:

sorted() — elementlarni tartiblaydi
forEach() — har bir element uchun amal bajaradi
contains() — element mavjudligini tekshiradi
randomElement() — tasodifiy element qaytaradi
firstIndex() — element indeksini qaytaradi

Set elementlarini aylanish (Iteratsiya)

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Set bo'ylab aylanish

let fruits: Set = ["Apple", "Peach", "Mango"]

print("Fruits:")

for fruit in fruits {
print(fruit)
}

Setdagi elementlar sonini aniqlash

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count xususiyati

let evenNumbers: Set = [2,4,6,8]

print("Set: \(evenNumbers)")

print("Total Elements: \(evenNumbers.count)")

Set amallari

Swift setlar ustida matematik amallarni bajarish uchun maxsus metodlar taqdim etadi: union, intersection, subtracting, symmetricDifference.

1. Ikki Setning birlashmasi (Union)

A ⋃ B — ikkala setdagi barcha elementlar.

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union() metodi

let setA: Set = [1, 3, 5]
let setB: Set = [0, 2, 4]

print("Union: ", setA.union(setB))

2. Ikki Setning kesishmasi (Intersection)

A ⋂ B — ikkala setdagi umumiy elementlar. set

Swift•

intersection() metodi

let setA: Set = [1, 3, 5]
let setB: Set = [1, 2, 3]

print("Intersection: ", setA.intersection(setB))

3. Ikki Setning ayirmasi (Difference)

A – B — A setdagi, B setda yo'q elementlar. set

Swift•

subtracting() metodi

let setA: Set = [2, 3, 5]
let setB: Set = [1, 2, 6]

print("Subtraction: ", setA.subtracting(setB))

4. Simmetrik ayirma (Symmetric Difference)

A △ B — umumiy bo'lmagan elementlar. set

Swift•

symmetricDifference() metodi

let setA: Set = [2, 3, 5]
let setB: Set = [1, 2, 6]

print("Symmetric Difference: ", setA.symmetricDifference(setB))

5. Setning Subset ekanligini tekshirish

Set B, set A ning subseti bo'ladi, agar B ning barcha elementlari A ichida mavjud bo'lsa. set

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isSubset(of:) metodi

let setA: Set = [1, 2, 3, 5, 4]
let setB: Set = [1, 2]

print("Subset: ", setB.isSubset(of: setA))

Ikki Setning tengligini tekshirish

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Set tengligini tekshirish

let setA: Set = [1, 3, 5]
let setB: Set = [3, 5, 1]

if setA == setB {
print("Set A and Set B are equal")
} else {
print("Set A and Set B are different")
}

Setlar tartibga ega bo'lmagani uchun tarkibi bir xil bo'lsa — ular teng hisoblanadi.

Bo'sh Set yaratish

Swift•

Bo'sh set yaratish

var emptySet = Set<Int>()

print("Set:", emptySet)

Bo'sh set yaratishda <Int>() — set faqat integer qiymatlar saqlashini bildiradi.

📚 Masalalarni qanday yechish kerak?

✅ Namuna: 1-masala yechimi

Masala: 1 dan n gacha sonlardan set yarating va elementlar sonini qaytaring.

Bosqichma-bosqich yechim:

1-qadam: Masalani tushunish

n = 5 → set: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] → 5 element
n = 10 → set: [1, 2, ..., 10] → 10 element

2-qadam: Set yaratish

let numbers: Set = Set(1...n)
return numbers.count

3-qadam: To'liq yechim

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1-masala yechimi

func solve(_ n: Int) -> Int {
  let numbers: Set = Set(1...n)
  return numbers.count
}

// Tekshirish
print(solve(5))    // 5
print(solve(10))   // 10
print(solve(1))    // 1
print(solve(100))  // 100

Natija: Barcha testlar o'tadi ✅

Izoh:

Set(1...n) — 1 dan n gacha sonlardan set yaratadi
numbers.count — setdagi elementlar sonini qaytaradi
Set noyob elementlar saqlaydi, shuning uchun n ta element bo'ladi

Xulosa

Set — noyob, takrorlanmaydigan elementlar to'plami
Tartibsiz — elementlar tartibi yo'q
insert() — element qo'shish
remove() — element o'chirish
union() — ikki set birlashmasi
intersection() — kesishma
subtracting() — ayirma
isSubset() — subset tekshirish